Supported Materials
Pesticides & fertilisers drying equipment selection: form, heat sensitivity and recommended machine for 16 materials (Wettable powder, Pesticide granule, Glyphosate and others), with the full line configuration and trial run points.
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16 material(s) listed for this industry.
Pesticides & fertilisers 16 items
| Material | Form | Heat sensitivity | Recommended dryer | Alternative | Selection notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wettable powder | Powder | Heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Electric Heating Dryer |
Heat-sensitive and fine; flash drying is preferable. Powder has a low bulk density and takes up a lot of volume for the same weight, so drum size is usually worked out backwards from the throughput rather than from the material. Overshooting the heat limit is not recoverable: it is not that the material dries more slowly, it is that the quality is written off, so it is better to protect the temperature than to protect the output. A flash airflow dryer completes heat transfer between the hot air and the material in a few seconds inside the duct, so residence time is measured in seconds and heat sensitive material should go this way. Local overheating is the danger with heat sensitive powder: a layer stuck to the wall keeps heating one spot, so the flights and the air volume have to keep the bed from clinging. The alternative is an electrically heated dryer, which is the route to switch to where gas is inconvenient or there is a hard requirement on cleanliness and open flame. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for wettable powder, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Pesticide granule | Granular | Moderate | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Low granule strength; tumbling must be gentle. Particle size distribution decides two things: particles that are too big will not be carried, and particles that are too fine get pulled out of the drum by the air velocity, so screening and classification often have to be planned in advance. It is a material that can be heated but must not be baked, so the set temperature needs margin, and final moisture depends on moisture temperature and drying intensity as well. A rotary dryer lifts and drops the material repeatedly with flights to form a curtain, so the material stays inside for minutes to tens of minutes, which suits heavy, heat tolerant material. Granules rub against each other inside the drum, so a material with a high fine fraction also means thinking about drum liners and discharge-end dust collection. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for pesticide granule, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Glyphosate | Powder | Moderate | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Decomposes on heating; control the material temperature. If the powder is still wet when it enters the machine it will ball up in the conveying section; by the time it reaches the heat exchange zone it has to be loose, or even good hot air cannot move it. The material tolerates moderate to high temperature for a while but not a long dwell, so the process needs temperature margin built in. The advantages of flash are the short heating time and the minimal mechanical action on the material; the cost is that throughput is capped by air volume and duct size, and very large lines still need a drum. Powder that sits for long enough will bridge, so the feed end needs a breaker or forced feeding; every blockage stops the line. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for glyphosate, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Urea | Granular | Moderate | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Decomposes if overheated; keep a margin on the inlet temperature. Granules can be carried by hot air or lifted by the flights inside a drum, so the route comes down to throughput scale and to how strong the granules are. At high temperature this material loses water first and discolours later, so holding the temperature is enough, but the combination of temperature and time still has to be confirmed by trial run. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. Granules rub against each other inside the drum, so a material with a high fine fraction also means thinking about drum liners and discharge-end dust collection. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for urea, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Compound fertiliser | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer |
High output with continuous operation; drum size is set by throughput. Particle size distribution decides two things: particles that are too big will not be carried, and particles that are too fine get pulled out of the drum by the air velocity, so screening and classification often have to be planned in advance. Good heat tolerance means it can be dried fast and hot or slow and cool, and the choice between the two is a trade between energy cost and capital investment. A rotary dryer lifts and drops the material repeatedly with flights to form a curtain, so the material stays inside for minutes to tens of minutes, which suits heavy, heat tolerant material. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The process route is fairly specialised and there is little room to switch equipment, so the configuration has to be right the first time. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual compound fertiliser decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Organic fertiliser | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Batch Rotary Dryer |
High moisture; flight and lifting pattern need optimisation. Particle size distribution decides two things: particles that are too big will not be carried, and particles that are too fine get pulled out of the drum by the air velocity, so screening and classification often have to be planned in advance. Good heat tolerance means it can be dried fast and hot or slow and cool, and the choice between the two is a trade between energy cost and capital investment. A rotary dryer lifts and drops the material repeatedly with flights to form a curtain, so the material stays inside for minutes to tens of minutes, which suits heavy, heat tolerant material. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The alternative is a batch rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when batches are small, products are mixed and changeover is frequent. When ordering, ask for organic fertiliser by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Chicken manure | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer |
Drying chicken manure is a textbook two-stage process: dewater first, then apply heat. Fresh manure often arrives above 70 percent moisture, and putting it straight into a hot dryer means paying for that water with fuel while the water is bound rather than free, which hot air cannot simply carry away. The right route is mechanical dewatering down to around 40 percent and then heat drying in a rotary drum, and the capital for that first stage has to be counted into the whole line — costing only the heat stage gives a misleading answer. The rotary route shows its advantage clearly here: manure is sticky and fibrous, and the flights lift and drop it continuously, so fresh feed mixes with older material and the outlet moisture is consistent. Biomass is the natural heat source, since the manure is itself a fuel, but the tail end needs a non-return device so vapour cannot flow back into the combustion chamber. The ammonia content is high, so the exhaust has to meet the standard; near sensitive neighbours there is a complaint risk. If the product is to be sold as organic fertilizer, heavy metals and contaminants need to be controlled as well.
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| Potassium sulfate | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Cakes easily when hot; cooling at the discharge end gives steadier results. Granules have a higher bulk density than powder, so drum fill can be set more generously than for powder, but room must still be left for the material to tumble. The material itself is heat tolerant, so the ceiling comes from the equipment and from by-products rather than from the material, which means heat can be supplied generously and throughput pushed up. The drum route does not care about material form: lumps, paste and fibre all go in, at the cost of a large footprint and high initial investment. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for potassium sulfate, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Monoammonium phosphate MAP | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Contains water of crystallisation; control the drying temperature. Particle size distribution decides two things: particles that are too big will not be carried, and particles that are too fine get pulled out of the drum by the air velocity, so screening and classification often have to be planned in advance. Good heat tolerance means it can be dried fast and hot or slow and cool, and the choice between the two is a trade between energy cost and capital investment. A rotary dryer lifts and drops the material repeatedly with flights to form a curtain, so the material stays inside for minutes to tens of minutes, which suits heavy, heat tolerant material. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for monoammonium phosphate, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Microbial fertiliser | Granular | Heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Electric Heating Dryer |
Low-temperature drying needed to preserve viable counts. Particle size distribution decides two things: particles that are too big will not be carried, and particles that are too fine get pulled out of the drum by the air velocity, so screening and classification often have to be planned in advance. Overshooting the heat limit is not recoverable: it is not that the material dries more slowly, it is that the quality is written off, so it is better to protect the temperature than to protect the output. A flash airflow dryer completes heat transfer between the hot air and the material in a few seconds inside the duct, so residence time is measured in seconds and heat sensitive material should go this way. Granules dry on the surface long before the inside is done, so final moisture has to mean moisture throughout, not just a dry shell. The alternative is an electrically heated dryer, which is the route to switch to where gas is inconvenient or there is a hard requirement on cleanliness and open flame. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual microbial fertiliser decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Atrazine | Powder | Moderate | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Technical-grade herbicide; filter cake feed needs disintegration. Powder has a low bulk density and takes up a lot of volume for the same weight, so drum size is usually worked out backwards from the throughput rather than from the material. It is a material that can be heated but must not be baked, so the set temperature needs margin, and final moisture depends on moisture temperature and drying intensity as well. A flash airflow dryer completes heat transfer between the hot air and the material in a few seconds inside the duct, so residence time is measured in seconds and heat sensitive material should go this way. Powder that sits for long enough will bridge, so the feed end needs a breaker or forced feeding; every blockage stops the line. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for atrazine, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Folpet | Powder | Moderate | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Technical-grade fungicide; control temperature to avoid decomposition. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. At high temperature this material loses water first and discolours later, so holding the temperature is enough, but the combination of temperature and time still has to be confirmed by trial run. An airflow line is demanding about the state of the feed: what enters must already be a granule or powder that can be conveyed, because too much moisture makes it cake in the conveying section. Powder that sits for long enough will bridge, so the feed end needs a breaker or forced feeding; every blockage stops the line. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual folpet decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Calcium magnesium phosphate | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Fertiliser powder, high throughput. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. When ordering, ask for calcium magnesium phosphate by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Single superphosphate | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer |
Contains free acid; 316L stainless recommended for product-contact parts. Granules can be carried by hot air or lifted by the flights inside a drum, so the route comes down to throughput scale and to how strong the granules are. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The process route is fairly specialised and there is little room to switch equipment, so the configuration has to be right the first time. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual single superphosphate decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Triple superphosphate | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer |
Contains free acid; 316L stainless recommended for product-contact parts. Granules can be carried by hot air or lifted by the flights inside a drum, so the route comes down to throughput scale and to how strong the granules are. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The process route is fairly specialised and there is little room to switch equipment, so the configuration has to be right the first time. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual triple superphosphate decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Sodium tripolyphosphate STPP | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Additive powder, low bulk density. If the powder is still wet when it enters the machine it will ball up in the conveying section; by the time it reaches the heat exchange zone it has to be loose, or even good hot air cannot move it. The material itself is heat tolerant, so the ceiling comes from the equipment and from by-products rather than from the material, which means heat can be supplied generously and throughput pushed up. The advantages of flash are the short heating time and the minimal mechanical action on the material; the cost is that throughput is capped by air volume and duct size, and very large lines still need a drum. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for sodium tripolyphosphate, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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Recommendations above are a selection direction based on material form, heat sensitivity and throughput. Capacity varies with the material, the initial moisture content and the target final moisture, and the formal figures come from a trial run.
Four steps to a selectionHow to choose
- Material form Powder, granule and flake material can be carried in an air stream; blocky, paste-like and fibrous material has to be tumbled inside a drum.
- Heat sensitivity This comes first. Where the material is heat-sensitive and its form allows air conveying, a flash airflow dryer is the natural choice — regardless of output, because exposure to heat is measured in seconds. Material that tolerates heat can be dried more slowly and at lower cost.
- Throughput and budget Where budget and batch size matter more than output, a batch rotary dryer carries relatively low capital cost and suits a small plant or workshop. For high output, a continuous rotary dryer feeds and discharges at the same time and runs non-stop.
- Environment and energy Where emissions are constrained or there is no steam supply, electric and electromagnetic heating avoids an open flame and responds faster.
Where the material is corrosive (acidic, chloride-bearing, saline and so on), the parts in contact can be specified in stainless steel: 201 / 304 / 316L / 430 / 2205 duplex and other grades to order.
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Material · Selection · Trial run