Supported Materials
Chemical raw materials drying equipment selection: form, heat sensitivity and recommended machine for 36 materials (Calcium carbonate, Barium sulfate, Aluminium hydroxide and others), with the full line configuration and trial run points.
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36 material(s) listed for this industry.
Chemical raw materials 36 items
| Material | Form | Heat sensitivity | Recommended dryer | Alternative | Selection notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium carbonate | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
High bulk density and high single-unit output; drum size set by throughput. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. When ordering, ask for calcium carbonate by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Barium sulfate | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
High bulk density and free-flowing; suited to continuous feed and discharge. Powder has a low bulk density and takes up a lot of volume for the same weight, so drum size is usually worked out backwards from the throughput rather than from the material. Good heat tolerance means it can be dried fast and hot or slow and cool, and the choice between the two is a trade between energy cost and capital investment. A rotary dryer lifts and drops the material repeatedly with flights to form a curtain, so the material stays inside for minutes to tens of minutes, which suits heavy, heat tolerant material. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. When ordering, ask for barium sulfate by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Aluminium hydroxide | Powder | Moderate | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Prone to caking; flash drying shortens the time spent in the wet zone. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. At high temperature this material loses water first and discolours later, so holding the temperature is enough, but the combination of temperature and time still has to be confirmed by trial run. An airflow line is demanding about the state of the feed: what enters must already be a granule or powder that can be conveyed, because too much moisture makes it cake in the conveying section. Powder that sits for long enough will bridge, so the feed end needs a breaker or forced feeding; every blockage stops the line. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for aluminium hydroxide, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Precipitated silica | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Precipitated silica is a typical light powder and three quarters of the selection is aerodynamics. Its bulk density is low, so a given weight occupies a volume more like flour, and pneumatic conveying is sensitive to both velocity and duct size: too slow and it will not move, too fast and the bed disperses and the dust collection load rises with it. So the first question at selection is whether the air volume range of the system can carry this powder steadily. The second characteristic is that it lifts very easily, so closed conveying and a high extraction grade are needed, or after a few months the workshop is covered in white powder and the maintenance load on the casing, the bearings and the instruments climbs visibly. Our configuration is a flash airflow line: the material is carried the whole way inside a closed duct and never drops to the floor, so the dust problem is solved structurally rather than operationally. The rotary drum is the alternative for larger throughput where the air volume cannot carry the powder stably, with the flights replacing pneumatic conveying. Silica does not absorb moisture, does not cake and is not particularly heat sensitive, which means its selection rests almost entirely on the conveying end.
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| Sodium carbonate | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Strongly hygroscopic; guard against moisture regain after discharge. Granules have a higher bulk density than powder, so drum fill can be set more generously than for powder, but room must still be left for the material to tumble. The material itself is heat tolerant, so the ceiling comes from the equipment and from by-products rather than from the material, which means heat can be supplied generously and throughput pushed up. The drum route does not care about material form: lumps, paste and fibre all go in, at the cost of a large footprint and high initial investment. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for sodium carbonate, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Caustic soda flakes | Flake | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer |
Flakes break up in tumbling; drum speed and flight pattern need control. Flakes are not afraid of heat, they are afraid of being crushed and folded; every contact between equipment and material can leave a reject. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. Too much tumbling breaks flakes, so the flights have to support them and the speed should not be high. The process route is fairly specialised and there is little room to switch equipment, so the configuration has to be right the first time. If the incoming grade of caustic soda flakes is not the one quoted before, the parameters have to be given again rather than carried over from an earlier order.
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| Sodium sulfide | Flake | Moderate | Rotary Dryer | Electric Heating Dryer |
Picks up moisture and cakes; seal after drying. Flakes bridge easily, so the feed section needs a disintegrator or forced feeding; once the material balls up and blocks the inlet, the best hot air in the building is wasted. The material tolerates moderate to high temperature for a while but not a long dwell, so the process needs temperature margin built in. The drum route does not care about material form: lumps, paste and fibre all go in, at the cost of a large footprint and high initial investment. Flakes stick together into lumps, so both the feed section and the flight pattern have to be matched to how strong the flakes are. The alternative is an electrically heated dryer, which is the route to switch to where gas is inconvenient or there is a hard requirement on cleanliness and open flame. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for sodium sulfide, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Ammonium sulfate | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Contains water of crystallisation, decomposes if overheated; keep a margin on inlet temperature. Granules can be carried by hot air or lifted by the flights inside a drum, so the route comes down to throughput scale and to how strong the granules are. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. When ordering, ask for ammonium sulfate by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Calcium chloride | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Extremely hygroscopic; moisture protection needed at the discharge end. Granules can be carried by hot air or lifted by the flights inside a drum, so the route comes down to throughput scale and to how strong the granules are. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. When ordering, ask for calcium chloride by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Polyaluminium chloride PAC | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Fairly sticky; flight pattern and drum speed to be set by trial run. If the powder is still wet when it enters the machine it will ball up in the conveying section; by the time it reaches the heat exchange zone it has to be loose, or even good hot air cannot move it. The material itself is heat tolerant, so the ceiling comes from the equipment and from by-products rather than from the material, which means heat can be supplied generously and throughput pushed up. The drum route does not care about material form: lumps, paste and fibre all go in, at the cost of a large footprint and high initial investment. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. When ordering, ask for polyaluminium chloride by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Diatomite | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Porous and light; suited to flash drying. Powder has a low bulk density and takes up a lot of volume for the same weight, so drum size is usually worked out backwards from the throughput rather than from the material. Good heat tolerance means it can be dried fast and hot or slow and cool, and the choice between the two is a trade between energy cost and capital investment. A flash airflow dryer completes heat transfer between the hot air and the material in a few seconds inside the duct, so residence time is measured in seconds and heat sensitive material should go this way. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for diatomite, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Activated carbon | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Very dusty powder; dust collection and dust-free discharge are both required. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. If the incoming grade of activated carbon is not the one quoted before, the parameters have to be given again rather than carried over from an earlier order.
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| Zinc oxide | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Relatively high bulk density; drum tumbling suits it well. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. If the incoming grade of zinc oxide is not the one quoted before, the parameters have to be given again rather than carried over from an earlier order.
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| Magnesium hydroxide | Powder | Moderate | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Usually fed as filter cake; an integrated disintegrator is preferable. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. At high temperature this material loses water first and discolours later, so holding the temperature is enough, but the combination of temperature and time still has to be confirmed by trial run. An airflow line is demanding about the state of the feed: what enters must already be a granule or powder that can be conveyed, because too much moisture makes it cake in the conveying section. Powder that sits for long enough will bridge, so the feed end needs a breaker or forced feeding; every blockage stops the line. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. When ordering, ask for magnesium hydroxide by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Melamine | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Light powder; pneumatic conveying is efficient. If the powder is still wet when it enters the machine it will ball up in the conveying section; by the time it reaches the heat exchange zone it has to be loose, or even good hot air cannot move it. The material itself is heat tolerant, so the ceiling comes from the equipment and from by-products rather than from the material, which means heat can be supplied generously and throughput pushed up. The advantages of flash are the short heating time and the minimal mechanical action on the material; the cost is that throughput is capped by air volume and duct size, and very large lines still need a drum. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for melamine, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Antimony trioxide | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Fine powder dusts readily; a closed airflow route is cleaner. Powder has a low bulk density and takes up a lot of volume for the same weight, so drum size is usually worked out backwards from the throughput rather than from the material. Good heat tolerance means it can be dried fast and hot or slow and cool, and the choice between the two is a trade between energy cost and capital investment. A flash airflow dryer completes heat transfer between the hot air and the material in a few seconds inside the duct, so residence time is measured in seconds and heat sensitive material should go this way. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. When ordering, ask for antimony trioxide by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Boric acid | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Fine and light; suited to pneumatic conveying. If the powder is still wet when it enters the machine it will ball up in the conveying section; by the time it reaches the heat exchange zone it has to be loose, or even good hot air cannot move it. The material itself is heat tolerant, so the ceiling comes from the equipment and from by-products rather than from the material, which means heat can be supplied generously and throughput pushed up. The advantages of flash are the short heating time and the minimal mechanical action on the material; the cost is that throughput is capped by air volume and duct size, and very large lines still need a drum. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. When ordering, ask for boric acid by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Synthetic cryolite | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Fine powder; pneumatic conveying required. If the powder is still wet when it enters the machine it will ball up in the conveying section; by the time it reaches the heat exchange zone it has to be loose, or even good hot air cannot move it. The material itself is heat tolerant, so the ceiling comes from the equipment and from by-products rather than from the material, which means heat can be supplied generously and throughput pushed up. The advantages of flash are the short heating time and the minimal mechanical action on the material; the cost is that throughput is capped by air volume and duct size, and very large lines still need a drum. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. If the incoming grade of synthetic cryolite is not the one quoted before, the parameters have to be given again rather than carried over from an earlier order.
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| Barium carbonate | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Fairly high bulk density; the drum route is more stable. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. If the incoming grade of barium carbonate is not the one quoted before, the parameters have to be given again rather than carried over from an earlier order.
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| Manganese dioxide | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Fairly high bulk density and above-average abrasiveness; wear liners required. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual manganese dioxide decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Manganese sulfate | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Crystalline salt with water of crystallisation; control temperature to avoid over-dehydration. Granules can be carried by hot air or lifted by the flights inside a drum, so the route comes down to throughput scale and to how strong the granules are. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. When ordering, ask for manganese sulfate by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Potassium nitrate | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Oxidising salt; keep organic matter out and avoid local overheating. Particle size distribution decides two things: particles that are too big will not be carried, and particles that are too fine get pulled out of the drum by the air velocity, so screening and classification often have to be planned in advance. Good heat tolerance means it can be dried fast and hot or slow and cool, and the choice between the two is a trade between energy cost and capital investment. A rotary dryer lifts and drops the material repeatedly with flights to form a curtain, so the material stays inside for minutes to tens of minutes, which suits heavy, heat tolerant material. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for potassium nitrate, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Ammonium nitrate | Granular | Moderate | Rotary Dryer | Electric Heating Dryer |
Risk of thermal decomposition; keep a margin on the temperature limit. Granules can be carried by hot air or lifted by the flights inside a drum, so the route comes down to throughput scale and to how strong the granules are. At high temperature this material loses water first and discolours later, so holding the temperature is enough, but the combination of temperature and time still has to be confirmed by trial run. Throughput on a drum is set by working volume and residence time together, so the denser and more solid the material, the more the drum can hold. Granules rub against each other inside the drum, so a material with a high fine fraction also means thinking about drum liners and discharge-end dust collection. The alternative is an electrically heated dryer, which is the route to switch to where gas is inconvenient or there is a hard requirement on cleanliness and open flame. When ordering, ask for ammonium nitrate by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Ammonium chloride | Granular | Moderate | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Corrosive once moist; 304 stainless for contact parts, and pack soon after drying. Particle size distribution decides two things: particles that are too big will not be carried, and particles that are too fine get pulled out of the drum by the air velocity, so screening and classification often have to be planned in advance. It is a material that can be heated but must not be baked, so the set temperature needs margin, and final moisture depends on moisture temperature and drying intensity as well. A rotary dryer lifts and drops the material repeatedly with flights to form a curtain, so the material stays inside for minutes to tens of minutes, which suits heavy, heat tolerant material. Granules rub against each other inside the drum, so a material with a high fine fraction also means thinking about drum liners and discharge-end dust collection. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. If the incoming grade of ammonium chloride is not the one quoted before, the parameters have to be given again rather than carried over from an earlier order.
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| Oxalic acid | Granular | Moderate | Rotary Dryer | Electric Heating Dryer |
Corrosive; 316L stainless recommended for product-contact parts. Granules have a higher bulk density than powder, so drum fill can be set more generously than for powder, but room must still be left for the material to tumble. The material tolerates moderate to high temperature for a while but not a long dwell, so the process needs temperature margin built in. The drum route does not care about material form: lumps, paste and fibre all go in, at the cost of a large footprint and high initial investment. Granules rub against each other inside the drum, so a material with a high fine fraction also means thinking about drum liners and discharge-end dust collection. The alternative is an electrically heated dryer, which is the route to switch to where gas is inconvenient or there is a hard requirement on cleanliness and open flame. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual oxalic acid decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Monopotassium phosphate MKP | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer | Flash Airflow Dryer |
Crystalline granules with a modest moisture content. Particle size distribution decides two things: particles that are too big will not be carried, and particles that are too fine get pulled out of the drum by the air velocity, so screening and classification often have to be planned in advance. Good heat tolerance means it can be dried fast and hot or slow and cool, and the choice between the two is a trade between energy cost and capital investment. A rotary dryer lifts and drops the material repeatedly with flights to form a curtain, so the material stays inside for minutes to tens of minutes, which suits heavy, heat tolerant material. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The alternative is a flash airflow dryer, which is the route to switch to when throughput is modest and the material needs a shorter heating time. When ordering, ask for monopotassium phosphate by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Aluminium sulfate | Granular | Not heat-sensitive | Rotary Dryer |
Acidic salt; 316L stainless recommended for product-contact parts. Granules have a higher bulk density than powder, so drum fill can be set more generously than for powder, but room must still be left for the material to tumble. The material itself is heat tolerant, so the ceiling comes from the equipment and from by-products rather than from the material, which means heat can be supplied generously and throughput pushed up. The drum route does not care about material form: lumps, paste and fibre all go in, at the cost of a large footprint and high initial investment. With a wide size spread the short path wins: fines leave first and coarse material follows, and the moisture spreads out as a result. The process route is fairly specialised and there is little room to switch equipment, so the configuration has to be right the first time. If the incoming grade of aluminium sulfate is not the one quoted before, the parameters have to be given again rather than carried over from an earlier order.
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| Benzoic acid | Powder | Heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Electric Heating Dryer |
Heat-sensitive; only seconds of exposure keeps the material within its temperature limit. Powder has a low bulk density and takes up a lot of volume for the same weight, so drum size is usually worked out backwards from the throughput rather than from the material. Overshooting the heat limit is not recoverable: it is not that the material dries more slowly, it is that the quality is written off, so it is better to protect the temperature than to protect the output. A flash airflow dryer completes heat transfer between the hot air and the material in a few seconds inside the duct, so residence time is measured in seconds and heat sensitive material should go this way. Local overheating is the danger with heat sensitive powder: a layer stuck to the wall keeps heating one spot, so the flights and the air volume have to keep the bed from clinging. The alternative is an electrically heated dryer, which is the route to switch to where gas is inconvenient or there is a hard requirement on cleanliness and open flame. When ordering, ask for benzoic acid by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Sodium oxalate | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Fine powder; the pneumatic conveying route is preferable. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. There is little restriction on temperature for this material; the real constraints are throughput and energy cost, so the process parameters can be opened up a little. An airflow line is demanding about the state of the feed: what enters must already be a granule or powder that can be conveyed, because too much moisture makes it cake in the conveying section. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual sodium oxalate decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Cellulose acetate | Powder | Moderate | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Thermoplastic powder; control temperature to avoid softening. Powder has a low bulk density and takes up a lot of volume for the same weight, so drum size is usually worked out backwards from the throughput rather than from the material. It is a material that can be heated but must not be baked, so the set temperature needs margin, and final moisture depends on moisture temperature and drying intensity as well. A flash airflow dryer completes heat transfer between the hot air and the material in a few seconds inside the duct, so residence time is measured in seconds and heat sensitive material should go this way. Powder that sits for long enough will bridge, so the feed end needs a breaker or forced feeding; every blockage stops the line. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. When ordering, ask for cellulose acetate by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Stearic acid | Powder | Heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Electric Heating Dryer |
Low melting point; short exposure prevents melting and sticking. If the powder is still wet when it enters the machine it will ball up in the conveying section; by the time it reaches the heat exchange zone it has to be loose, or even good hot air cannot move it. The heating time for this material is measured in seconds; the hot air can run hot, but the material temperature itself has to be held down, because past the threshold it discolours, denatures or cakes. The advantages of flash are the short heating time and the minimal mechanical action on the material; the cost is that throughput is capped by air volume and duct size, and very large lines still need a drum. Local overheating is the danger with heat sensitive powder: a layer stuck to the wall keeps heating one spot, so the flights and the air volume have to keep the bed from clinging. The alternative is an electrically heated dryer, which is the route to switch to where gas is inconvenient or there is a hard requirement on cleanliness and open flame. When ordering, ask for stearic acid by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Concrete superplasticiser | Powder | Not heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Powder picks up moisture readily; seal after drying. Powder has a low bulk density and takes up a lot of volume for the same weight, so drum size is usually worked out backwards from the throughput rather than from the material. Good heat tolerance means it can be dried fast and hot or slow and cool, and the choice between the two is a trade between energy cost and capital investment. A flash airflow dryer completes heat transfer between the hot air and the material in a few seconds inside the duct, so residence time is measured in seconds and heat sensitive material should go this way. Dust settling in the ducts and in the dust collector changes the resistance, the air volume drops with it, and the cleaning cycle has to be part of the process. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual concrete superplasticiser decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Detergent powder | Powder | Moderate | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Contains surfactant; control temperature to avoid decomposition. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. At high temperature this material loses water first and discolours later, so holding the temperature is enough, but the combination of temperature and time still has to be confirmed by trial run. An airflow line is demanding about the state of the feed: what enters must already be a granule or powder that can be conveyed, because too much moisture makes it cake in the conveying section. Powder that sits for long enough will bridge, so the feed end needs a breaker or forced feeding; every blockage stops the line. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Do not describe the material only as powder or granules: give the measured moisture and bulk density for detergent powder, because two materials of the same form can differ by a whole machine size.
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| Sodium humate | Powder | Moderate | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Organic powder; temperature control. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. At high temperature this material loses water first and discolours later, so holding the temperature is enough, but the combination of temperature and time still has to be confirmed by trial run. An airflow line is demanding about the state of the feed: what enters must already be a granule or powder that can be conveyed, because too much moisture makes it cake in the conveying section. Powder that sits for long enough will bridge, so the feed end needs a breaker or forced feeding; every blockage stops the line. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. When ordering, ask for sodium humate by name and give the actual moisture and bulk density of the incoming material, so the machine size can be fixed in one pass.
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| Rubber accelerator CBS | Powder | Moderate | Flash Airflow Dryer | Rotary Dryer |
Organic additive; control temperature to avoid decomposition. If the powder is still wet when it enters the machine it will ball up in the conveying section; by the time it reaches the heat exchange zone it has to be loose, or even good hot air cannot move it. The material tolerates moderate to high temperature for a while but not a long dwell, so the process needs temperature margin built in. The advantages of flash are the short heating time and the minimal mechanical action on the material; the cost is that throughput is capped by air volume and duct size, and very large lines still need a drum. Powder that sits for long enough will bridge, so the feed end needs a breaker or forced feeding; every blockage stops the line. The alternative is a rotary dryer, which is the route to switch to when the material needs a longer residence time or the line is scaling up to tens of tonnes a day. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual rubber accelerator CBS decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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| Azodicarbonamide | Powder | Heat-sensitive | Flash Airflow Dryer | Electric Heating Dryer |
Heat-sensitive; short exposure keeps it clear of the decomposition range. Powder moves only if the hot air carries it, so what decides the route is whether the air has enough momentum and whether the duct is sized right, not whether the material flows by itself. Heat sensitive material has a narrow process window, so inlet temperature and residence time can only be set conservatively and throughput usually has to be raised later, once trial run data is in. An airflow line is demanding about the state of the feed: what enters must already be a granule or powder that can be conveyed, because too much moisture makes it cake in the conveying section. Local overheating is the danger with heat sensitive powder: a layer stuck to the wall keeps heating one spot, so the flights and the air volume have to keep the bed from clinging. The alternative is an electrically heated dryer, which is the route to switch to where gas is inconvenient or there is a hard requirement on cleanliness and open flame. Send a sample with the enquiry. The moisture and bulk density of the actual azodicarbonamide decide the machine size far more than the name does.
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Recommendations above are a selection direction based on material form, heat sensitivity and throughput. Capacity varies with the material, the initial moisture content and the target final moisture, and the formal figures come from a trial run.
Four steps to a selectionHow to choose
- Material form Powder, granule and flake material can be carried in an air stream; blocky, paste-like and fibrous material has to be tumbled inside a drum.
- Heat sensitivity This comes first. Where the material is heat-sensitive and its form allows air conveying, a flash airflow dryer is the natural choice — regardless of output, because exposure to heat is measured in seconds. Material that tolerates heat can be dried more slowly and at lower cost.
- Throughput and budget Where budget and batch size matter more than output, a batch rotary dryer carries relatively low capital cost and suits a small plant or workshop. For high output, a continuous rotary dryer feeds and discharges at the same time and runs non-stop.
- Environment and energy Where emissions are constrained or there is no steam supply, electric and electromagnetic heating avoids an open flame and responds faster.
Where the material is corrosive (acidic, chloride-bearing, saline and so on), the parts in contact can be specified in stainless steel: 201 / 304 / 316L / 430 / 2205 duplex and other grades to order.
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Material · Selection · Trial run